会员|公众号|微博|手机版

在参与联合国维和行动方面,未来中国会面临两大挑战。行动上,需要平衡国家能力、国家利益与国际义务。中国等发展中国家主张的维和规范与西方发达国家的维和规范存在不一致,西方国家选择在联合国框架外实施维和行动,因此发展中国家是目前联合国维和行动的主要支持者。另一方面,只有具备一定的条件下,维和行动才能有效解决冲突,而且维和行动只能解决某些问题,要认识到这些局限性,在决定是否为联合国维和行动提供支持,以及提供什么类型的人员时,应结合国家利益审慎决策。
国际社会正在重新思考国际安全与发展问题。虽然中国政府非常强调“和平与发展”这个时代主题,注重安全和发展的紧密关系,但是基于两方面的原因——中国的历史记忆和自身国家建设经验的总结——常常把重点放在发展这一端。过去,中国在参与联合国维和行动中,积极为冲突地区修筑道路、建立诊所、架设桥梁等基础设施以及清理雷区,帮助冲突地区恢复正常生活,过渡到可持续和平。近年来,中国也开始为联合国维和行动提供作战部队。中国应该整合对外援助、维和行动,以促进发展中国家可持续发展,中国可能会塑造国际和平、安全与发展领域的规范。
注释:
①黄梅波,吴仪君:《2030年可持续发展议程与国际发展治理中的中国角色》,载《国际展望》2016年第1期,第17-33页。
②张贵洪:《联合国、二十国集团与全球发展治理》,载《当代世界与社会主义》2016年第4期,第17-24页;张海冰:《G20与联合国2030可持续发展议程》,载《国际观察》2016年第5期,第47-60页;曹嘉涵:《“一带一路”倡议与2030年可持续发展议程的对接》,载《国际展望》2016年第3期,第37-53页;李勇:《以“一带一路”为平台,促进包容可持续工业发展》,载《东北亚经济研究》2017年10月,第5-10页;黄超:《2030年可持续发展议程框架下官方发展援助的变革》,载《国际展望》2016年第2期,第78-93页;孙新章:《中国参与2030年可持续发展议程的战略思考》,载《中国人口·资源与环境》2016年第26卷第1期,第1-7页。
③孙伊然:《全球发展治理:中国与联合国合作的新态势》,载《现代国际关系》2017年第9期,第40-41页。
④M.AfzalWani,"ANALYSIS OF CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS FORGLOBAL PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT",Journal of the Indian Law Institute,Vol.55,No.2,April-June 2013,pp.201-214.
⑤Austin Schiano et al.,"Sustainable Development as a Path to Peacebuilding:Finding Common Ground to Counter the Extremist Narrative",Seton Hall Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations,Vol.18,Iss.1,pp.25-37; Jiayi Zhou et al.,"Towards Pathways for Peacebuilding and Development to Reduce Violent Extremism",Journal of Peacebuilding & Development,12:2,pp.114-121.
⑥Gzde Kaya,"A New Era in peacekeeping for the United Nations:Leaving traditional peacekeeping behind",Journal of Economics and Management,Vol.20,Iss.A,2015,p.41.
⑦David Cortright,ConorSeyle,Kristen Wall,Governance for Peace:How Inclusive,Participatory and Accountable Institutions Promote Peace and Prosperity,(New York,USA:Cambridge University Press,2017),p.51; Flavins Stan,"The Security-Development Nexus:Conflict,Peace and Development in the 21st Century",In Flavins Staned.,Development,(New York,USA:International Peace Academy),2004,p.2.
⑧United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support,"United Nations Peacekeeping Operations:Principles and Guidelines",2008,p.18,http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/documents/capstone_eng.pdf.
⑨Alex J.Bellamyand Charles T.Hunt,"Twenty-First Century UN Peace Operations:Protection,Force and the Changing Security Environment",International Affairs,Vol.91,No.6,2015,p.1281; Peter Mateja,"Between Doctrine and Practice:The UN Peacekeeping Dilemma",Global Governance,Vol.21,2015,p.353.
⑩Tim Murithi,"Inter-governmental Authority on Development on the Ground:Comparing Interventions in Sudan and Somalia",African Security,Vol.2,2009,p.139.
(11)United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support,"United Nations Peacekeeping Operations:Principles and Guidelines",2008,p.19.
(12)Robert B.Zoellick,"Fragile States:Securing Development",Survival,Vol.50,No.6,Dec.2008-Jan.2009,pp.67-84.
(13)The World Bank,World Development Report 2011:Conflict,Security,and Development,(Washington DC,USA:the World Bank),2011,p.2.
(14)Kelechi Johnmary Ani,"From Millennium Development Goals to Sustainable Development Goals:Conflict as Key Obstacleto African Transformation",Journal of African Foreign Affairs,Vol.3,No.1 & 2,June/December 2016,pp.69-86.
(15)Wordofa,D.,"Violent Conflicts:Key Obstacles for Sub-Saharan Africa to Achieving the Millennium Development Goals-Where is the Evidence",in R.B.and A.B.Chikwanha eds.,Understanding Africa's Contemporary Conflicts:Origins,Challenges and Peacebuilding,(Pretoria:Institute for Security Studies,2010),p.87.
(16)The World Bank Group,Maximizing the Impact of the World Bank Group in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations,March 2018,p.1,http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/855631522172060313/pdf/124654-WP-PUBLIC-MaximizinglmpactLowresFINAL.pdf.
(17)OECD,Fragile states 2014:domestic revenuemobilisation in fragile states,2014,p 17.
(18)Paul Collier,The Bottom Billion:Why the Poorest Countries are Failing and What Can be Done about It,(Oxford,UK:Oxford University Press,2007),pp.3-4.
(19)David Mason et al.,"When Civil Wars Recur:Conditions for Durable Peace after Civil Wars",International Studies Perspectives,Vol.12,pp.171-189.
(20)Richard Caplan and AnkeHoeffler,"why peace endures:an analysis of post-conflict stabilization",European Journal of International Security,Vol.2,part 2,pp.133-152.
(21)David Mason et al.,"When Civil Wars Recur:Conditions for Durable Peace after Civil Wars",p.187.
(22)Virginia Page Fortna,"Does Peacekeeping Keep Peace International Intervention and the Duration of Peace after Civil War",(点击此处阅读下一页)
本文责编:陈冬冬 发信站:爱思想(http://www.aisixiang.com),栏目:天益学术 > 国际关系 > 国际组织与合作 本文链接:http://www.aisixiang.com/data/117419.html 文章来源:《战略决策研究》2018年 第5期